Meu Projeto
Os desenhos formados pelas estrelas - AS CONSTELAÇÕES - são como janelas que se abrem para a infinitude do universo
e que possibilitam nossa mente a ir percebendo que existe mais, bem mais, entre o céu e a terra...;
bem como percebendo que o caos, vagarosamente, vai se tornando Cosmos e este por nossa mente sendo conscientizado.
Quer dizer, nossa mente é tão infinita quanto infinito é o Cosmos.
Com um abraço estrelado,
Janine Milward
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Magellanic_Cloud#mediaviewer/File:Large_and_small_magellanic_cloud_from_new_zealand.jpg
As Nuvens de Magalhães nos trazem imensa felicidade
por morarmos no hemisfério sul e podermos, então,
usufruir da maravilhosa observação a olho nu
dessas Nuvens que não são nuvens e sim galáxias
e que escondem um verdadeiro mundo de tesouros....
Tesouros que vão sendo, vagarosamente,
descobertos e trazidos ao nosso conhecimento!
Com um abraço estrelado,
Janine Milward
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magellanic_Clouds#mediaviewer/File:Magellanic_Clouds_%E2%80%95_Irregular_Dwarf_Galaxies.jpg
AS NUVENS DE MAGALHÃES
Uma das grandes alegrias em morar na roça
Eu sempre me divirto (e até quase fico tonta)
(Talvez a tontura também fique por conta
Aqui na roça, um antigo caseiro meu
Não importa o que se pense sobre estas Nuvens
Quer dizer,
Com um abraço estrelado,
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1105/vltsky_beletsky_3114.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_of_Avoidance#mediaviewer/File:Milky_Way_infrared.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magellanic_Clouds#mediaviewer/File:Magellanic_Clouds_%E2%80%95_Irregular_Dwarf_Galaxies.jpg
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap130815.html
The Magellanic Stream
Credit: Science - NASA, ESA, A. Fox, P. Richter et al.
Image - D. Nidever et al., NRAO/AUI/NSF, A. Mellinger, LAB Survey, Parkes, Westerbork, and Arecibo Obs.
Explanation: In an astronomical version of the search for the source of the Nile, astronomers now have strong evidence for the origin of the Magellanic Stream. This composite image shows the long ribbon of gas, discovered at radio wavelengths in the 1970s, in pinkish hues against an optical all-sky view across the plane of our Milky Way galaxy. Both Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, dwarf satellite galaxies of the the Milky Way, are seen near the head of the stream at the right. Data from Hubble's Cosmic Origins Spectrograph were used to explore abundances of elements along sightlines to quasars that intersect the stream. The results indicate that most of the stream's material comes from the Small Magellanic Cloud. The Magellanic Stream is likely the result of gravitational tidal interactions between the two dwarf galaxies some 2 billion years ago, the Small Magellanic Cloud losing more material in the encounter because of its lower mass.
Wonder and Mystery above the Very Large Telescopes
Credit: Yuri Beletsky (ESO)
Uma das grandes alegrias em morar na roça
e buscando céus mais escuros e transparentes,
é poder observar a olho nu
as Nuvens Pequena e Grande de Magalhães.
Eu sempre me divirto (e até quase fico tonta)
quando me deparo ao norte
com a maravilhante visão da Galáxia de Andromeda
(que pode ser observada a olho nu e usando a vista enviesada)
e, num giro corporal, volto-me para os céus do sul
e me deparo com a belíssima visão das Nuvens Pequena e Grande de Magalhães!
(Talvez a tontura também fique por conta
do fato de que posso olhar à visão desarmada
para três Galáxias que,
adjuntando com a Galáxia onde me encontro, a Via Lactea,
formam os principais conjuntos estelares
do nossa família galáctica tão intimamente nomeada de Grupo Local!).
Aqui na roça, um antigo caseiro meu
dizia que estas duas "Nuvens"
são as mulas do presépio do Menino Jesus...
Não importa o que se pense sobre estas Nuvens
- que quase sempre nos engana, parecendo nuvens mesmo! -,
porque o importante é que elas a nós se apresentam enfeitando os céus do sul...,
e fazem isso de maneira tão simples, quase humilde!
Quer dizer,
as nuvens que nomeamos de Nuvens e que sabemos serem Galáxias
parecem esconder (assim como as nuvens escondem)
um mundo de maravilhas.... ,
porém apenas se apresentando
enquanto nuvens, simples nuvens, simples quase-enganos.
Com um abraço estrelado,
Janine Milward
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1105/vltsky_beletsky_3114.jpg
Wonder and Mystery above the Very Large Telescopes
Credit: Yuri Beletsky (ESO)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_of_Avoidance#mediaviewer/File:Milky_Way_infrared.jpg
Milky Way infraredPublic Domain
The Milky Way creates a Zone of Avoidance for local observers
.png)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magellanic_Clouds#mediaviewer/File:Magellanic_Clouds_%E2%80%95_Irregular_Dwarf_Galaxies.jpg
As Nuvens de Magalhães
Existem duas pequenas nuvens esfumaçadas que pareciam ser fragmentos da Via Láctea e que formam um quase triangulo com o pólo sul celestial. Estas nuvens foram primeiramente descritas pelo navegante português Fernando de Magalhães, no começo do século dezesseis. Porém, somente nos anos de 1920, os astrônomos determinaram que as Nuvens de Magalhães são galáxias, irregulares, pequena e próximas.
As Nuvens de Magalhães são ligadas entre si e à nossa Galáxia não somente pela força de gravidade mas também pela ponte gigantesca de hidrogênio neutro e frio. O brilho azulado das Nuvens de Magalhães revelam a presença de um imenso número de estrelas jovens, quentes e gigantes muito luminosas.
Se pudéssemos olhar para nossa Galáxia de um ponto externo à mesma, veríamos três pequenos e próximos satélites (galáxias-satélites), as Nuvens de Magalhães. Um sistema similar acontece com a Galáxia de ndrômeda, onde podemos observar várias pequenas galáxias satélites.
- 6a. Edição do Atlas Celeste
de autoria de Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão,
Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986
The Magellanic Clouds have been known since the first millennium in Western Asia. The first preserved mention of the Large Magellanic Cloud is by the Persian astronomer Al Sufi.[4][5] In 964, in his Book of Fixed Stars, he called it al-Bakr ("the Sheep") "of the southern Arabs"; he noted that the Cloud is not visible from northern Arabia and Baghdad, but can be seen at the strait of Bab el Mandeb (12°15' N), which is the southernmost point of Arabia.[2]
In Europe, the Clouds were first observed by Italian explorers Peter Martyr d'Anghiera and Andrea Corsali at the end of the 15th century. Subsequently, they were reported byAntonio Pigafetta, who accompanied the expedition of Ferdinand Magellan on its circumnavigation of the world in 1519-1522.[2] However, naming the clouds after Magellan did not become widespread until much later. In Bayer's Uranometria they are designated as nubecula major and nubecula minor.[6] In the 1756 star map of the French astronomer Lacaille, they are designated as le Grand Nuage and le Petit Nuage ("the Large Cloud" and "the Small Cloud").[7]
In Sri Lanka, from ancient times, these clouds have been referred to as the 'Maha Mera Paruwathaya' meaning "the great mountain", as they look like the peaks of a distant mountain range.
In the southern hemisphere, the Magellanic clouds have long been included in the lore of native inhabitants, including south sea islanders and indigenous Australians. Persian astronomer Al Sufi labelled the larger of the two clouds as Al Bakr, the White Ox. European sailors may have first noticed the clouds during the Middle Ages when they were used for navigation.Portuguese and Dutch sailors called them the Cape Clouds, a name that was retained for several centuries. During the circumnavigation of the Earth by Ferdinand Magellan in 1519–22, they were described by Antonio Pigafetta as dim clusters of stars.[8] In Johann Bayer's celestial atlas Uranometria, published in 1603, he named the smaller cloud, Nubecula Minor.[9]In Latin, Nubecula means a little cloud.[10]
Between 1834 and 1838, John Frederick William Herschel made observations of the southern skies with his 14-inch (36 cm) reflector from the Royal Observatory at the Cape of Good Hope. While observing the Nubecula Minor, he described it as a cloudy mass of light with an oval shape and a bright center. Within the area of this cloud he catalogued a concentration of 37 nebulae and clusters.[11]
In 1891, Harvard College Observatory opened an observing station at Arequipa in Peru. Between 1893 and 1906, under the direction of Solon Bailey, the 24-inch (610 mm) telescope at this site was used to survey photographically both the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds.[12] Henrietta Swan Leavitt, an astronomer at the Harvard College Observatory, used the plates from Arequipa to study the variations in relative luminosity of stars in the SMC. In 1908, the results of her study were published, which showed that a type of variable star called a "cluster variable", later called a Cepheid variable after the prototype star Delta Cephei, showed a definite relationship between the variability period and the star's luminosity.[13] This important period-luminosity relation allowed the distance to any other cepheid variable to be estimated in terms of the distance to the SMC. Hence, once the distance to the SMC was known with greater accuracy, Cepheid variables could be used as a standard candle for measuring the distances to other galaxies.[14]
Using this period-luminosity relation, in 1913 the distance to the SMC was first estimated by Ejnar Hertzsprung. First he measured thirteen nearby cepheid variables to find the absolute magnitude of a variable with a period of one day. By comparing this to the periodicity of the variables as measured by Leavitt, he was able to estimate a distance of 10,000 parsecs (30,000 light years) between the Sun and the SMC.[15] This later proved to be a gross underestimate of the true distance, but it did demonstrate the potential usefulness of this technique.[16]
Veja o Vídeo:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=53yokIKAnDs&feature=youtube_gdata
Astronomers at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md., and the Pennsylvania State University in University Park, Pa., have used NASA's Swift satellite to create the most detailed surveys of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, the two closest major galaxies, in ultraviolet light.
Thousands of images were assembled into seamless portraits of the main body of each galaxy to produce the highest-resolution surveys of the Magellanic Clouds at ultraviolet wavelengths. The project was proposed by Stefan Immler, an astronomer at Goddard.
The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, or LMC and SMC for short, lie about 163,000 and 200,000 light-years away, respectively, and orbit each other as well as our own Milky Way galaxy.
Compared to the Milky Way, the LMC has about one-tenth its physical size and only 1 percent of its mass. The SMC is only half the size of the LMC and contains about two-thirds of its mass.
The new images reveal about a million ultraviolet sources within the LMC and about 250,000 in the SMC.
Viewing in the ultraviolet allows astronomers to suppress the light of normal stars like the sun, which are not very bright at these higher energies, and provide a clearer picture of the hottest stars and star-formation regions.
Only Swift's Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope, or UVOT, is capable of producing such high-resolution wide-field multi-color surveys in the ultraviolet. The LMC and SMC images range from 1,600 to 3,300 angstroms, UV wavelengths largely blocked by Earth's atmosphere.
The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds are readily visible from the Southern Hemisphere as faint, glowing patches in the night sky. The galaxies are named after Ferdinand Magellan, the Portuguese explorer who in 1519 led an expedition to sail around the world. He and his crew were among the first Europeans to sight the objects. All visible light imagery provided by Axel Mellinger, Central Michigan University.
This video is public domain and can be downloaded at:http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/goto?11293
Thousands of images were assembled into seamless portraits of the main body of each galaxy to produce the highest-resolution surveys of the Magellanic Clouds at ultraviolet wavelengths. The project was proposed by Stefan Immler, an astronomer at Goddard.
The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, or LMC and SMC for short, lie about 163,000 and 200,000 light-years away, respectively, and orbit each other as well as our own Milky Way galaxy.
Compared to the Milky Way, the LMC has about one-tenth its physical size and only 1 percent of its mass. The SMC is only half the size of the LMC and contains about two-thirds of its mass.
The new images reveal about a million ultraviolet sources within the LMC and about 250,000 in the SMC.
Viewing in the ultraviolet allows astronomers to suppress the light of normal stars like the sun, which are not very bright at these higher energies, and provide a clearer picture of the hottest stars and star-formation regions.
Only Swift's Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope, or UVOT, is capable of producing such high-resolution wide-field multi-color surveys in the ultraviolet. The LMC and SMC images range from 1,600 to 3,300 angstroms, UV wavelengths largely blocked by Earth's atmosphere.
The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds are readily visible from the Southern Hemisphere as faint, glowing patches in the night sky. The galaxies are named after Ferdinand Magellan, the Portuguese explorer who in 1519 led an expedition to sail around the world. He and his crew were among the first Europeans to sight the objects. All visible light imagery provided by Axel Mellinger, Central Michigan University.
This video is public domain and can be downloaded at:http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/goto?11293
NASA's Hubble Space Telescope Finds Source of Magellanic Stream
Astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope have solved a 40-year mystery on the origin of the Magellanic Stream, a long ribbon of gas stretching nearly halfway around our Milky Way galaxy.
The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, two dwarf galaxies orbiting the Milky Way, are at the head of the gaseous stream. Since the stream's discovery by radio telescopes in the early 1970s, astronomers have wondered whether the gas comes from one or both of the satellite galaxies. New Hubble observations reveal most of the gas was stripped from the Small Magellanic Cloud about 2 billion years ago, and a second region of the stream originated more recently from the Large Magellanic Cloud.
LEIA MAIS em
http://www.nasa.gov/press/2013/august/nasas-hubble-space-telescope-finds-source-of-magellanic-stream/Credit: Science - NASA, ESA, A. Fox, P. Richter et al.
Image - D. Nidever et al., NRAO/AUI/NSF, A. Mellinger, LAB Survey, Parkes, Westerbork, and Arecibo Obs.
A GRANDE NUVEM DE MAGALHÃES
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Magellanic_Cloud#mediaviewer/File:Large_Magellanic_Cloud-8sec.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Magellanic_Cloud#mediaviewer/File:Large.mc.arp.750pix.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Magellanic_Cloud
| The Large Magellanic Cloud | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Dorado/Mensa |
| Right ascension | 05h 23m 34.5s[1] |
| Declination | −69° 45′ 22″[1] |
| Distance | 162.98 kly (49.97 kpc)[2][3][4][5] |
| Type | SB(s)m[1] |
| Apparent dimensions (V) | 10.75° × 9.17°[1] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 0.9[1] |
| Other designations | |
| LMC, ESO 56- G 115, PGC 17223,[1] Nubecula Major[6] | |
A Grande Nuvem de Magalhães
Ascensão Reta 05h23m Declinação -69o.46
Tipo I - Galáxia Irregular Magnitude fotográfica aparente 0,86
Dimensões Angulares 432 X432 Distância (milhões de anos-luz) 0,2
(Dados referentes à época 1980, coletados no Atlas Celeste de R.R.de Freitas Mourão, 6a. edição)
Inicialmente, a Grande Nuvem de Magalhães foi classificada como uma galáxia irregular.
No entanto, mais tarde foram descobertos sinais de estrutura espiralada
e alguma relação com espirais barrados.
A barra é a parte mais interessante da galáxia
e se parece com uma nuvem estelar brilhante e alongada
e ao longo dessa barra, existem numerosas nebulosas
avermelhadas por hidrogênio ionizado,
e estimuladas pela radiação de estrelas quentes e jovens.
Nestas regiões são formadas novas estrelas.
No entanto, mais tarde foram descobertos sinais de estrutura espiralada
e alguma relação com espirais barrados.
A barra é a parte mais interessante da galáxia
e se parece com uma nuvem estelar brilhante e alongada
e ao longo dessa barra, existem numerosas nebulosas
avermelhadas por hidrogênio ionizado,
e estimuladas pela radiação de estrelas quentes e jovens.
Nestas regiões são formadas novas estrelas.
- 6a. Edição do Atlas Celeste
de autoria de Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão,
Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Magellanic_Cloud#mediaviewer/File:Satellite_Galaxies.JPG
| Large Magellanic Cloud | |
|---|---|
 | The largest of the satellite galaxies and also the fourth largest galaxy in the Local Group. This galaxy is a large bright object in southern hemisphere skies and it is the brightest galaxy in the sky. It contains several billion stars and many stars are still forming in it, most notably in the Tarantula nebula, a huge concentration of gas and dust over 2000 light years in diameter. A supernova exploded in the Large Magellanic Cloud in 1987 and observations of the expanding supernova remnant provided accurate distance measurements to the galaxy. |
| Small Magellanic Cloud | |
 | Despite its name, this galaxy is fairly large for a dwarf galaxy. It contains at least several hundred million stars and is easily visible with the naked eye from the southern hemisphere. Like the Large Magellanic Cloud, there is still a lot star formation taking place within it. |
.png)
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_1722
CARO LEITOR,
CONHEÇA MUITÍSSIMO MAIS
SOBRE A GRANDE NUVEM DE MAGALHÃES
em Imagens maravilhosamente bem detalhadas
acessando
http://www.astrosurf.com/comolli/d144.htm
Image Credit & Copyright:
Explanation:
The 16th century Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew had plenty of time to study the southern sky during the first circumnavigation of planet Earth. As a result, two fuzzy cloud-like objects easily visible to southern hemisphereskygazers are known as the Clouds of Magellan, now understood to be satellite galaxies of our much larger, spiral Milky Way galaxy. About 160,000 light-years distant in the constellation Dorado, the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is seen here in a remarkably deep, colorful, and annotated composite image. Spanning about 15,000 light-years or so, it is the most massive of the Milky Way's satellite galaxies and is the home of the closest supernova in modern times, SN 1987A. The prominent patch just left of center is 30 Doradus, also known as the magnificent Tarantula Nebula, is a giant star-forming region about 1,000 light-years across.
NGC 2070 - A Nebulosa Tarântula
Esta nebulosa difusa é reconhecida como a maior do céu em sua espécie. Se acaso ela ocupasse a grande nebulosa em Orion, seria cerca de três vezes mais brilhante do que Vênus e cobriria toda a constelação do Gigante Caçador.
É o objeto mais brilhante e mais facilmente visível a olho nú dentro da Grande Nuvem de Magalhães.
- 6a. Edição do Atlas Celeste
de autoria de Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão,
Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986
http://www.30doradus.org/images/30dor/phot-05a-00-normal.jpg
A Nebulosa da Tarântula (também conhecida como 30 Doradus ou NGC 2070) é uma região HII na Grande Nuvem de Magalhães, localizada na constelação de Dorado. Ela foi inicialmente considerada uma estrela, mas em 1751 Nicolas Louis de Lacaille identificou-a como uma nebulosa.1 Está a uma distância de cerca de 49 kiloparsecs(160 mil anos-luz) da Terra.3
A Nebulosa da Tarântula é a maior e mais massiva região de formação estelar conhecida no Grupo Local, com um diâmetro de cerca de 200 parsecs (650 anos-luz).3Apesar de ter uma magnitude aparente de 8,1 é um objeto extremamente luminoso, e se estivesse tão perto da Terra quanto a Nebulosa de Órion, cobriria uma área de 60 luas cheias no céu e seu brilho seria suficiente para causar sombras.4 Em seu centro, está localizado o aglomerado estelar R136, que produz grande parte da energia que torna a nebulosa visível. R136 é um jovem aglomerado (idade de 1-2 milhões de anos) de estrelas extremamente quentes e luminosas, a maioria de classe espectral O3.5 A massa estimada do aglomerado é de 450 000 massas solares, sugerindo que ele se torne um aglomerado globular no futuro.6
Além de R136, a Nebulosa da Tarântula contém um aglomerado estelar mais velho, catalogado como Hodge 301, com uma idade de 20–25 milhões de anos. Estima-se que pelo menos 40 estrelas desse aglomerado já explodiram em supernovas, o que provavelmente é a causa de movimentos violentos de gás e emissão de raios-X na região do aglomerado.7
A supernova mais próxima já detectada desde a invenção do telescópio, Supernova 1987A, ocorreu nos arredores da Nebulosa da Tarântula.8
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulosa_da_Tar%C3%A2ntula
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebulosa_da_Tar%C3%A2ntula#mediaviewer/Ficheiro:Spitzer-TarantulaNebula.jpg
NASA's new Spitzer Space Telescope, formerly known as the Space Infrared Telescope Facility, has captured in stunning detail the spidery filaments and newborn stars of the Tarantula Nebula, a rich star-forming region also known as 30 Doradus. This cloud of glowing dust and gas is located in the Large Magellanic Cloud, the nearest galaxy to our own Milky Way, and is visible primarily from the Southern Hemisphere. This image of an interstellar cauldron provides a snapshot of the complex physical processes and chemistry that govern the birth - and death - of stars. At the heart of the nebula is a compact cluster of stars, known as R136, which contains very massive and young stars. The brightest of these blue supergiant stars are up to 100 times more massive than the Sun, and are at least 100,000 times more luminous. These stars will live fast and die young, at least by astronomical standards, exhausting their nuclear fuel in a few million years. The Spitzer Space Telescope image was obtained with an infrared array camera that is sensitive to invisible infrared light at wavelengths that are about ten times longer than visible light. In this four-color composite, emission at 3.6 microns is depicted in blue, 4.5 microns in green, 5.8 microns in orange, and 8.0 microns in red. The image covers a region that is three-quarters the size of the full moon. The Spitzer observations penetrate the dust clouds throughout the Tarantula to reveal previously hidden sites of star formation. Within the luminescent nebula, many holes are also apparent. These voids are produced by highly energetic winds originating from the massive stars in the central star cluster. The structures at the edges of these voids are particularly interesting. Dense pillars of gas and dust, sculpted by the stellar radiation, denote the birthplace of future generations of stars. The Spitzer image provides information about the composition of the material at the edges of the voids. The surface layers closest to the massive stars are subject to the most intense stellar radiation. Here, the atoms are stripped of their electrons, and the green color of these regions is indicative of the radiation from this highly excited, or 'ionized,' material. The ubiquitous red filaments seen throughout the image reveal the presence of molecular material thought to be rich in hydrocarbons. The Tarantula Nebula is the nearest example of a 'starburst' phenomenon, in which intense episodes of star formation occur on massive scales. Most starbursts, however, are associated with dusty and distant galaxies. Spitzer infrared observations of the Tarantula provide astronomers with an unprecedented view of the lifecycle of massive stars and their vital role in regulating the birth of future stellar and planetary systems.
http://www.30doradus.org/images/30dor/30dor_hst_big.jpg
http://www.30doradus.org/index.html
30 Doradus is a huge star-formation complex in the Large Magellanic Cloud. It is the most active starburst region in the entire Local Group of galaxies.
http://www.30doradus.org/30dor_images.html
Supernova 1987 A, na vizinhança da Nebulosa Tarântula
Esta foi a primeira supernova visível a olho nú desde os tempos da estrela de Kepler, em 1604, e o primeiro objeto de seu tipo suficientemente brilhante para ser observado por todos os tipos de equipamento astronômico, bem como, pela primeira vez, através detectores de neutrinos (que são partículas espraiadas pelo colapso gravitacional do núcleo de uma estrela que se tornou uma supernova em seu estágio final de desenvolvimento).
- 6a. Edição do Atlas Celeste
de autoria de Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão,
Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986
SN 1987A was a supernova in the outskirts of the Tarantula Nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a nearby dwarf galaxy. It occurred approximately 51.4kiloparsecs from Earth, approximately 168,000 light-years,[3] close enough that it was visible to the naked eye. It could be seen from the Southern Hemisphere. It was the closest observed supernova since SN 1604, which occurred in the Milky Way itself. The light from the new supernova reached Earth on February 23, 1987.[6] As it was the first supernova discovered in 1987, it was labeled “1987A”. Its brightness peaked in May with an apparent magnitude of about 3 and slowly declined in the following months. It was the first opportunity for modern astronomers to see a supernova up close and observations have provided much insight intocore-collapse supernovae.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1987A
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1987A#mediaviewer/File:SN_1987A_HST.jpg
SN 1987A, one of the brightest stellar explosions detected since the invention of the telescope more than 400 years ago[8]
Supernova SN 1987A, one of the brightest stellar explosions since the invention of the telescope more than 400 years ago, is no stranger to the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. The observatory has been on the frontline of studies into this brilliant dying star since its launch in 1990, three years after the supernova exploded on 23 February 1987. This image of Hubble’s old friend, retreived from the telescope’s data archive, may be the best ever of this object, and reminds us of the many mysteries still surrounding it. Dominating this picture are two glowing loops of stellar material and a very bright ring surrounding the dying star at the centre of the frame. Although Hubble has provided important clues on the nature of these structures, their origin is still largely unknown. Another mystery is that of the missing neutron star. The violent death of a high-mass star, such as SN 1987A, leaves behind a stellar remnant — a neutron star or a black hole. Astronomers expect to find a neutron star in the remnants of this supernova, but they have not yet been able to peer through the dense dust to confirm it is there. The supernova belongs to the Large Magellanic Cloud, a nearby galaxy about 168 000 light-years away. Even though the stellar explosion took place around 166 000 BC, its light arrived here less than 25 years ago. This picture is based on observations done with the High Resolution Channel of Hubble’s Advanced Camera for Surveys. The field of view is approximately 25 by 25 arcseconds.
A SN 1987A foi a primeira supernova estudada com aparelhagem moderna. Através dela, astrônomos de todo mundo puderam fortalecer ou eliminar as teorias que estudam a expansão do universo, tendo as supernovas como material de estudo.
A Shelton Sn 1987A ocorreu na Nebulosa da Tarântula, na Grande Nuvem de Magalhães, uma galáxia anã a aproximadamente 170 mil anos-luz da Terra, tendo como progenitora (a que sofreu o colapso) uma estrela conhecida como Sanduleak -69º 202, uma supergigante azul. Pode ser vista a partir do hemisfério sul. Foi a mais próxima supernova observada desde 1604, que ocorreu na própria Via Láctea.
Ela foi descoberta em 24 de fevereiro de 1987, por Ian Shelton da Universidade de Toronto, no Canadá, através do observatório Las Campanas, no Chile. Seu brilho pico em maio, com uma magnitude aparente de cerca de três e diminuiu lentamente nos meses seguintes. Foi a primeira oportunidade para os astrônomos modernos para verem de perto uma supernova.
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1987A
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1987A#mediaviewer/Ficheiro:Supernova-1987a.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1987A#mediaviewer/File:Composite_image_of_Supernova_1987A.jpg
Remnant of SN 1987A seen in light overlays of different spectra. ALMA data (radio, in red) shows newly formed dust in the center of the remnant. Hubble (visible, in green) and Chandra (X-ray, in blue) data show the expanding shock wave.[1]
A Pequena Nuvem de Magalhães
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magellanic_Clouds#mediaviewer/File:Magellanic_Clouds_%E2%80%95_Irregular_Dwarf_Galaxies.jpg
The two-colour image shows an overview of the full Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) and was composed from two images from the Digitized Sky Survey 2. The field of view is slightly larger than 3.5›.
Credit:
Galáxia Tucano - Pequena Nuvem de Magalhães
Ascensão Reta 00h52m Declinação -72o.56
Magnitude fotográfica aparente 2,86
Dimensões Angulares 216 X 216 Distância (milhões de anos-luz) 0,2
A Pequena Nuvem de Magalhães
Esta é uma galáxia irregular e próxima e que, juntamente com a Grande Nuvem de Magalhães, órbita nossa Galáxia como se ambas fossem nossos satélites.
A maior parte da massa da Pequena Nuvem de Magalhães consiste de nuvens interestelares de hidrogênio, o material básico de formação das estrelas - que nesta galáxia acontecem em larga escala. Prova disso é o grande numero de estrelas jovens e quentes - gigantes azuis - que trazem à Nuvem esta sua coloração azulada.
Em 1984, radio-astronomos australianos descobriram que a Pequena Nuvem de Magalhães consiste, na verdade, de duas galáxias separadas, uma atrás da outra, uma sendo ocultada de forma que vemos apenas um único objeto no céu. Estas duas galáxias estão se separando uma da outra e foi exatamente a diferença de velocidade entre ambas que revelou o fato de a Pequena Nuvem ser, na verdade, duas galáxias separadas.
- 6a. Edição do Atlas Celeste
de autoria de Ronaldo Rogério de Freitas Mourão,
Editora Vozes, Petrópolis, ano de 1986
Localizada ao sul de Tucana, a Pequena Nuvem de Magalhães é uma galáxia anã que é uma das vizinhas mais próximas da Via Láctea a uma distância de 210 mil anos-luz. Embora provavelmente tenha tido o formato de disco, as forças de maré da Via Láctea a distorceram. Juntamente com a Grande Nuvem de Magalhães, ela está na corrente de Magalhães, uma nuvem de gás que conecta as duas galáxias8 . NGC 346 é uma região de formação de estrelas na Pequena Nuvem de Magalhães. Ela tem magnitude aparente de 10,311 . Dentro dela está o sistema estelar triplo HD 5980, sendo cada um de seus membros as estrelas mais luminosas conhecidas12 .
Hubble finds source of Magellanic Stream
Astronomers explore origin of gas ribbon wrapped around our galaxy
Image credit: David L. Nidever, et al., NRAO/AUI/NSF and Mellinger, LAB Survey, Parkes Observatory, Westerbork Observatory, and Arecibo Observatory.
Astronomers using the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope have solved the 40-year-old mystery of the origin of the Magellanic Stream, a long ribbon of gas stretching nearly halfway around the Milky Way. New Hubble observations reveal that most of this stream was stripped from the Small Magellanic Cloud some two billion years ago, with a smaller portion originating more recently from its larger neighbour.
The Magellanic Clouds, two dwarf galaxies orbiting our galaxy, are at the head of a huge gaseous filament known as the Magellanic Stream. Since the Stream's discovery in the early 1970s, astronomers have wondered whether this gas comes from one or both of the satellite galaxies. Now, new Hubble observations show that most of the gas was stripped from the Small Magellanic Cloud about two billion years ago — but surprisingly, a second region of the stream was formed more recently from the Large Magellanic Cloud.
LEIA MAIS EMhttp://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1314/
AGLOMERADOS LOCALIZADOS
NA PEQUENA NUVEM DE MAGALHÃES
NGC 121 é um aglomerado globular na direção da constelação de Tucana. O objeto foi descoberto pelo astrônomo John Herschel em 1835, usando um telescópio refletor com abertura de 18,6 polegadas.
http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_121#mediaviewer/Ficheiro:NGC_121_Hubble_WikiSky.jpg
Credit:
This image shows NGC 121, a globular cluster in the constellation of Tucana (The Toucan). Globular clusters are big balls of old stars that orbit the centres of their galaxies like satellites — the Milky Way, for example, has around 150.
NGC 121 belongs to one of our neighbouring galaxies, the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). It was discovered in 1835 by English astronomer John Herschel, and in recent years it has been studied in detail by astronomers wishing to learn more about how stars form and evolve.
Stars do not live forever — they develop differently depending on their original mass. In many clusters, all the stars seem to have formed at the same time, although in others we see distinct populations of stars that are different ages. By studying old stellar populations in globular clusters, astronomers can effectively use them as tracers for the stellar population of their host galaxies. With an object like NGC 121, which lies close to the Milky Way, Hubble is able to resolve individual stars and get a very detailed insight.
LEIA MAIS EM
NGC 602 is a young, bright open cluster of stars located in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), a satellite galaxy to the Milky Way. Radiation and shock waves from the stars have pushed away much of the lighter surrounding gas and dust that compose the nebula known as N90, and this in turn has triggered new star formationin the ridges (or "elephant trunks") of the nebula. These even younger, pre-main sequence stars are still enshrouded in dust but are visible to the Spitzer Space Telescope at infrared wavelengths.[5] The cluster is of particular interest because it is located in the wing of the SMC leading to the Magellanic Bridge. Hence, while its chemical properties should be similar to those of the rest of the galaxy, it is relatively isolated and so easier to study.[6]
A number of other, more distant galaxies also appear in the background of the Hubble images of NGC 602, making for a "tantalizing"[4] and "grand"[7] view
Image: Hubble Observes Infant Stars in Nearby Galaxy
Zooming on NGC 602
Credit:
NGC 602: Ongoing Star Formation in a Young SMC Cluster
Lynn Redding Carlson (JHU), Antonella Nota (STScI/ESA), Elena Sabbi (STScI), Marco Sirianni (STScI/ESA), Joseph L. Hora (Harvard/CfA), Margaret Meixner (STScI), M. Clampin (NASA/Goddard), J. Gallagher (U. Wisconsin), M. S. Oey (U. Michigan), A. Pasquali (Inst. Of Astron., ETH), L. J. Smith (UCL), M. Tosi (Bologna Obs.), R. Walterbos (U. New Mexico)
(The following is a poster presentation made at the American
Astronomical Society conference in January 2007 in Seattle, Washington.)
The young stellar cluster NGC 602 is located in the wing of the SMC, Z~0.004, a low density region far from the main body of the galaxy with low gas and stellar content. From deep optical imaging with the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), we have discovered the existence of an extensive pre-Main Sequence (PMS) population, with stellar masses in the range 0.6–3 Mo. This pre-Main Sequence population formed coevally with the central cluster about 5 Myr ago. Spitzer Space Telescope (SST) images of the region in all four Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) bands reveal a second population of Young Stellar Objects (YSOs), which formed after the stars seen with HST/ACS imaging. Some of these very young objects are still embedded in nebular material. We infer that star formation started in this region ~5 Myr ago with the formation of the central cluster and gradually propagated towards the outskirts where we find evidence of on going star formation (~1 Myr).
NGC 265 is an open cluster in the Small Magellanic Cloud,[3] which is located in the constellation Tucana.
NGC 290 is an open cluster. It lies some 200,000 light years away in the Small Magellanic Cloud,[2] which is located in the constellation Tucana. It spans 65 light years across.[3]
Hubble has captured the most detailed images to date of the open star clusters NGC 265 and NGC 290 in the Small Magellanic Cloud - two sparkling sets of gemstones in the southern sky.
Two new composite images taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys onboard the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope show a myriad of stars in crystal clear detail. The brilliant open star clusters, NGC 265 and NGC 290, are located about 200,000 light-years away and are roughly 65 light-years across.
Credit:
European Space Agency & NASA
Acknowledgements:
NGC 346 is an open cluster with associated nebula located in the Small Magellanic Cloud that appears in the constellation Tucana. It contains HD 5980, the brightest star in the SMC.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC_346
Credit: Yuri Beletsky (ESO)
Explanation: What's that bright orange dot above the large telescope on the right? Even seasoned sky enthusiasts might ponder the origin of the orange orb seen by scrolling across this panoramic image, taken last December. Perhaps identifying known objects will help. To start, on the far left is a diagonal band of light known as zodiacal light, sunlight reflected off of dust orbiting in the inner Solar System. The bright white spot on the left, just above the horizon, is Venus, which also glows by reflected sunlight. Rising diagonally from the ground to the right of Venus is the band of our Milky Way Galaxy. In the image, the band, which usually stretches dramatically overhead, appears to arch above the elevated Chilean landscape. Under the Milky Way arch, toward the left, lie both the Largeand Small Magellanic Cloud galaxies, while toward the right lies the constellation of Orion surrounded by the red ring of Barnard's Loop. On the ground, each of the four Very Large Telescopes is busy keeping an eye on the distant universe. The orange spot -- it's the Moon. The image was taken during a total lunar eclipse when the normally bright full moon turned into a faint orb tinted orange by the intervening Earth's atmosphere.
.jpg)
http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/enlarge/33613
http://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/33613/Celestial_Map_of_the_Southern_Hemisphere/Pardies.html
Title: [Celestial Map of the Southern Hemisphere] Map Maker: Ignace Gaston Pardies
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Wonder and Mystery above the Very Large Telescopes
Credit: Yuri Beletsky (ESO)
http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1105/vltsky_beletsky_3114.jpg
Wonder and Mystery above the Very Large Telescopes
Credit: Yuri Beletsky (ESO)
Da Terra ao Céu
e ao Infinito
Constelações, Estrelas e Objetos Celestes
(sob o ponto de vista do Mundo Ocidental)
Suas histórias, seus mitos, seus significados e suas sintetizadas descrições
Reunião das Informações e Compilação,
Tradução para a língua portuguesa (em alguns momentos)
bem como Comentários Pessoais:
Janine Milward
Visitando os Sites abaixo,
você conseguirá informações atualizadas e preciosas
sobre os Objetos Celestiais de seu interesse:
NASA/IPAC EXTRAGALACTIC DATABASE –
NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) - operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
THE NIGHT SKY ATLAS
The night sky atlas creates images of any part of the night sky, allowing easy location of any object. Detailed chart images show all stars visible to the naked eye, the constellations, Messier objects, and names of the brightest stars.
The Internet STELLAR DATABASE
- stars within 75 light-years. (Plus some of the more well-known "name brand" stars farther away.)
